1 前言

一个问题，一篇文章，一出故事。
笔者最近需要安装Debian系统，于是想着安装软件方便，于是写一个安装脚本，以便快速部署自己所需的软件。

2 最佳实践

2.1 挂载包含安装程序的U盘

mount /dev/sdb3 /mnt

2.2 创建安装配置脚本

vim /mnt/installConfig.sh

加入如下脚本，

#!/bin/bash

hostName='will_pc.cmdschool.org'
timeZone='Asia/Shanghai'
insallSoftwares="\
net-tools \
chrony \
vinagre \
deepin-terminal \
bumblebee"

installSoftwareDir='installSoftware'

# base config
hostnamectl set-hostname "$hostName"
timedatectl set-timezone "$timeZone"
systemctl mask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target

# apt source config
sed -i "s/^deb cdrom/#deb cdrom/g" /etc/apt/sources.list
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/aliyun.list << EOF
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free contrib
EOF

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/firmware.list << EOF
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free-firmware
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main non-free-firmware
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main non-free-firmware
EOF

nstallTools="apt apt-get "
for i in $installTools; do
        installToolPID="`pgrep -u root $i`"
        if [ "$installToolPID" = "" ]; then
                continue
        fi
        killall -9 $i
done
apt update -y

# openssh install & config
apt install -y openssh-server
sshdConfig='/etc/ssh/sshd_config'
permitRootLogin=`grep ^PermitRootLogin $sshdConfig`
if [ "$permitRootLogin" = "" ]; then
	sed -i "s/#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password/#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password\nPermitRootLogin yes/g" $sshdConfig
else
	sed -i "s~$permitRootLogin~PermitRootLogin yes~g" $sshdConfig
fi
systemctl reload sshd

# config vim
apt install -y vim
vimConfig='/etc/vim/vimrc.local'
if [ ! -f "$vimConfig" ]; then
	echo "source /usr/share/vim/vim*/defaults.vim" > "$vimConfig"
	echo "let skip_defaults_vim = 1" >> "$vimConfig"
	echo "if has('mouse')" >> "$vimConfig"
	echo "    set mouse=r" >> "$vimConfig"
	echo "endif" >> "$vimConfig"
fi

if [ ! -d "$installSoftwareDir" ]; then
	exit
fi
find "$installSoftwareDir" -name *.deb -exec apt install -y ./{} \;
apt install -y $insallSoftwares

exit
#config im
im-config -n fcitx
systemctl restart gdm.service

根据脚本的要求，你需要创建本地安装的软件目录，

mkdir /mnt/installSoftware/

然后，你可以把需要安装的软件直接下载到“installSoftware”目录，

cd /mnt/installSoftware/
wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
wget http://archive.ubuntukylin.com/software/pool/partner/weixin_2.1.1_amd64.deb
wget https://dldir1.qq.com/qqfile/qq/QQNT/ad5b5393/linuxqq_3.1.2-13107_arm64.deb
wget https://ime.sogouimecdn.com/202209140001/5b47916113b2d86a857b4184fd390bde/dl/gzindex/1656597217/sogoupinyin_4.0.1.2800_x86_64.deb

2.3 执行安装配置

sh /mnt/installConfig.sh