1 前言

我们有时候需要在CentOS 7中使用PHP 5的特定版本，此问题需要通过编译解决。

2 基础配置

2.1 系统配置

2.1.1 系统信息

ip addresses = 10.168.0.71
host name = www.cmdschool.org
OS = CentOS 7.x x86_74

2.1.2 升级系统版本

yum -y update

2.1.3 配置时区

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

2.1.4 检查ntp服务器已就绪

grep ^server /etc/chrony.conf

可见如下配置：

server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

2.2 软件配置

2.2.1 安装基本工具

yum install -y vim wget unzip git bzip2

3 安装PHP-FPM

3.1 环境配置

3.1.1 配置编译环境

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make expat-devel autoconf

3.1.2 下载php二进制安装包

cd ~
wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.5.9.tar.bz2

3.1.3 创建运行用户

groupadd  -g 48 apache
useradd -u 48 -g 48 -d /usr/share/httpd -s /sbin/nologin apache

3.1.4 预建目录

mkdir /var/log/php-fpm/
mkdir /run/php-fpm/

3.1.5 配置防火墙（可选）

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port 9000/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-all

3.2 编译安装

3.2.1 解压安装包

cd ~/
tar -xf php-5.5.9.tar.bz2

3.2.2 安装前构建

cd ~/php-5.5.9
./configure --bindir=/usr/sbin/ \
            --sbindir=/usr/sbin/ \
            --sysconfdir=/etc/ \
            --libdir=/usr/lib64/  \
            --mandir=/usr/share/man/ \
            --includedir=/usr/include/ \
            --with-fpm-user=apache \
            --with-fpm-group=apache \
            --enable-fpm \
            --with-pdo-mysql \
            --enable-mbstring \

根据提示解决安装的依赖关系

yum install -y libxml2-devel

3.2.3 编译并安装

make
make install | tee install.log

3.3 配置FPM

3.3.1 配置php.ini

cp php.ini-development /etc/php.ini
ln -s /etc/php.ini /usr/lib64/php.ini

3.3.2 防止空文件递给PHP-FPM后端

vim /etc/php.ini

修改以下参数：

cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0

注：可防任意脚本注入

3.3.3 创建配置

vim /etc/php-fpm.conf

加入如下配置：

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; FPM Configuration ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP's install
; prefix.

; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
include=/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Global Options ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

[global]
; Pid file
; Default Value: none
pid = /run/php-fpm/php-fpm.pid

; Error log file
; Default Value: /var/log/php-fpm.log
error_log = /var/log/php-fpm/error.log

; Log level
; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug
; Default Value: notice
;log_level = notice

; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time
; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value
; of '0' means 'Off'.
; Default Value: 0
;emergency_restart_threshold = 0

; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when
; a graceful restart will be initiated.  This can be useful to work around
; accidental corruptions in an accelerator's shared memory.
; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
;emergency_restart_interval = 0

; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master.
; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
;process_control_timeout = 0

; Send FPM to background. Set to 'no' to keep FPM in foreground for debugging.
; Default Value: yes
daemonize = no

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Pool Definitions ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; See /etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf

创建以下配置文件：

mkdir -p /etc/php-fpm.d/
vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

加入如下配置：

; Start a new pool named 'www'.
[www]

; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests.
; Valid syntaxes are:
;   'ip.add.re.ss:port'    - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific address on
;                            a specific port;
;   'port'                 - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses on a
;                            specific port;
;   '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

; Set listen(2) backlog. A value of '-1' means unlimited.
; Default Value: -1
;listen.backlog = -1
 
; List of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients which are allowed to connect.
; Equivalent to the FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment variable in the original
; PHP FCGI (5.2.2+). Makes sense only with a tcp listening socket. Each address
; must be separated by a comma. If this value is left blank, connections will be
; accepted from any ip address.
; Default Value: any
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1

; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write
; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many
; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. 
; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user
;                 mode is set to 0666
;listen.owner = nobody
;listen.group = nobody
;listen.mode = 0666

; Unix user/group of processes
; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
;       will be used.
; RPM: apache Choosed to be able to access some dir as httpd
user = apache
; RPM: Keep a group allowed to write in log dir.
group = apache

; Choose how the process manager will control the number of child processes.
; Possible Values:
;   static  - a fixed number (pm.max_children) of child processes;
;   dynamic - the number of child processes are set dynamically based on the
;             following directives:
;             pm.max_children      - the maximum number of children that can
;                                    be alive at the same time.
;             pm.start_servers     - the number of children created on startup.
;             pm.min_spare_servers - the minimum number of children in 'idle'
;                                    state (waiting to process). If the number
;                                    of 'idle' processes is less than this
;                                    number then some children will be created.
;             pm.max_spare_servers - the maximum number of children in 'idle'
;                                    state (waiting to process). If the number
;                                    of 'idle' processes is greater than this
;                                    number then some children will be killed.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm = dynamic

; The number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'static' and the
; maximum number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'dynamic'.
; This value sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be
; served. Equivalent to the ApacheMaxClients directive with mpm_prefork.
; Equivalent to the PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment variable in the original PHP
; CGI.
; Note: Used when pm is set to either 'static' or 'dynamic'
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm.max_children = 50

; The number of child processes created on startup.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Default Value: min_spare_servers + (max_spare_servers - min_spare_servers) / 2
pm.start_servers = 5

; The desired minimum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.min_spare_servers = 5

; The desired maximum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
 
; The number of requests each child process should execute before respawning.
; This can be useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For
; endless request processing specify '0'. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS.
; Default Value: 0
;pm.max_requests = 500

; The URI to view the FPM status page. If this value is not set, no URI will be
; recognized as a status page. By default, the status page shows the following
; information:
;   accepted conn    - the number of request accepted by the pool;
;   pool             - the name of the pool;
;   process manager  - static or dynamic;
;   idle processes   - the number of idle processes;
;   active processes - the number of active processes;
;   total processes  - the number of idle + active processes.
; The values of 'idle processes', 'active processes' and 'total processes' are
; updated each second. The value of 'accepted conn' is updated in real time.
; Example output:
;   accepted conn:   12073
;   pool:             www
;   process manager:  static
;   idle processes:   35
;   active processes: 65
;   total processes:  100
; By default the status page output is formatted as text/plain. Passing either
; 'html' or 'json' as a query string will return the corresponding output
; syntax. Example:
;   http://www.foo.bar/status
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?json
;   http://www.foo.bar/status?html
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
;       anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
;       may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set 
;pm.status_path = /status
 
; The ping URI to call the monitoring page of FPM. If this value is not set, no
; URI will be recognized as a ping page. This could be used to test from outside
; that FPM is alive and responding, or to
; - create a graph of FPM availability (rrd or such);
; - remove a server from a group if it is not responding (load balancing);
; - trigger alerts for the operating team (24/7).
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
;       anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
;       may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
;ping.path = /ping

; This directive may be used to customize the response of a ping request. The
; response is formatted as text/plain with a 200 response code.
; Default Value: pong
;ping.response = pong
 
; The timeout for serving a single request after which the worker process will
; be killed. This option should be used when the 'max_execution_time' ini option
; does not stop script execution for some reason. A value of '0' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
;request_terminate_timeout = 0
 
; The timeout for serving a single request after which a PHP backtrace will be
; dumped to the 'slowlog' file. A value of '0s' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
;request_slowlog_timeout = 0
 
; The log file for slow requests
; Default Value: not set
; Note: slowlog is mandatory if request_slowlog_timeout is set
slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/www-slow.log
 
; Set open file descriptor rlimit.
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_files = 1024
 
; Set max core size rlimit.
; Possible Values: 'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_core = 0
 
; Chroot to this directory at the start. This value must be defined as an
; absolute path. When this value is not set, chroot is not used.
; Note: chrooting is a great security feature and should be used whenever 
;       possible. However, all PHP paths will be relative to the chroot
;       (error_log, sessions.save_path, ...).
; Default Value: not set
;chroot = 
 
; Chdir to this directory at the start. This value must be an absolute path.
; Default Value: current directory or / when chroot
;chdir = /var/www
 
; Redirect worker stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, stdout and
; stderr will be redirected to /dev/null according to FastCGI specs.
; Default Value: no
;catch_workers_output = yes
 
; Limits the extensions of the main script FPM will allow to parse. This can
; prevent configuration mistakes on the web server side. You should only limit
; FPM to .php extensions to prevent malicious users to use other extensions to
; exectute php code.
; Note: set an empty value to allow all extensions.
; Default Value: .php
;security.limit_extensions = .php .php3 .php4 .php5

; Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH. All $VARIABLEs are taken from
; the current environment.
; Default Value: clean env
;env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
;env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
;env[TMP] = /tmp
;env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
;env[TEMP] = /tmp

; Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. These settings
; overwrite the values previously defined in the php.ini. The directives are the
; same as the PHP SAPI:
;   php_value/php_flag             - you can set classic ini defines which can
;                                    be overwritten from PHP call 'ini_set'. 
;   php_admin_value/php_admin_flag - these directives won't be overwritten by
;                                     PHP call 'ini_set'
; For php_*flag, valid values are on, off, 1, 0, true, false, yes or no.

; Defining 'extension' will load the corresponding shared extension from
; extension_dir. Defining 'disable_functions' or 'disable_classes' will not
; overwrite previously defined php.ini values, but will append the new value
; instead.

; Default Value: nothing is defined by default except the values in php.ini and
;                specified at startup with the -d argument
;php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f www@my.domain.com
;php_flag[display_errors] = off
php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/php-fpm/www-error.log
php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
;php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 128M

; Set session path to a directory owned by process user
php_value[session.save_handler] = files
php_value[session.save_path] = /var/lib/php/session

3.3.4 配置session目录

mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session/
chown -R apache: /var/lib/php/session/

3.3.5 测试fpm启动

/usr/sbin/php-fpm &

3.3.6 查询服务状态

ps -aux | grep php-fpm
netstat -antp | grep php-fpm

3.3.7 手动关闭服务

kill 2 `pgrep -u root php-fpm`

3.4 配置服务启动

3.4.1 配置启动脚本

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service

加入如下配置：

[Unit]
Description=The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
PIDFile=/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.pid
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/php-fpm
ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c 'mkdir -p /run/php-fpm;chown apache: /run/php-fpm;chmod 770 /run/php-fpm'
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize -y /etc/php-fpm.conf -c /etc/php.ini
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

配置环境文件:

echo '# Additional environment file for php-fpm' > /etc/sysconfig/php-fpm

重载控制脚本

systemctl daemon-reload

3.4.2 启动服务并配置默认启动

systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl enable php-fpm

3.4.3 服务其他控制命令

systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl restart php-fpm
systemctl stop php-fpm
systemctl status php-fpm

4 安装Nginx

4.1 安装配置Nginx

4.1.1 安装nginx相关包

yum install -y http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/RPMS/nginx-1.14.0-1.el7_4.ngx.x86_64.rpm

4.1.2 创建项目目录

mkdir -p /var/www/www.cmdschool.org

4.1.3 配置http服务

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/www.cmdschool.org_80.conf

保留以下内容：

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.cmdschool.org;

    location / {
        root   /var/www/www.cmdschool.org;
        index  index.html index.htm  index.php;
    }

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
}

添加静态测试页面：

mkdir -p /var/www/www.cmdschool.org
echo www.cmdschool.org > /var/www/www.cmdschool.org/index.html

4.1.4 配置nginx服务

systemctl enable nginx
systemctl restart nginx

4.1.5 配置防火墙

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service http --add-service https 
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-all

4.1.6 关闭selinux

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

4.1.7 访问测试页面

http://www.cmdschool.org

4.2 配置PHP解析器

4.2.1 创建全局配置文件夹

mkdir /etc/nginx/global/

4.2.2 增加配置文件

vim /etc/nginx/global/fastcig.conf

保留以下内容：

location ~ \.php$ {
    root           /var/www/www.cmdschool.org;
    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include        /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
}

4.2.3 引用配置文件

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/www.cmdschool.org_80.conf

保留以下内容：

server {
[…]
include global/fastcig.conf;
}

4.2.4 重启使服务生效

systemctl restart nginx

4.2.5 增加测试页

echo '' > /var/www/www.cmdschool.org/phpinfo.php

4.1.7 访问测试页面

http://www.cmdschool.org/phpinfo.php

5 添加额外的模块

5.1 编译安装GD

cd ~/php-5.5.9
./configure --bindir=/usr/sbin/ \
            --sbindir=/usr/sbin/ \
            --sysconfdir=/etc/ \
            --libdir=/usr/lib64/  \
            --mandir=/usr/share/man/ \
            --includedir=/usr/include/ \
            --with-fpm-user=apache \
            --with-fpm-group=apache \
            --enable-fpm \
            --with-pdo-mysql \
            --enable-mbstring \
            --with-gd=/usr/local/include \
            --with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib64 \
            --with-xpm-dir=/usr/lib64 \
            --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib64 \
            --with-png-dir=/usr/lib64

另外，你可能需要手动安装GD
https://www.cmdschool.org/archives/2779
另外，你可能需要安装以下开发库，

yum install -y libXpm-devel freetype-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libpng-devel

另外，你可能需要执行编译清除命令

make clean

然后重新编译并安装，

cd ~/php-5.5.9
./configure --bindir=/usr/sbin/ \
            --sbindir=/usr/sbin/ \
            --sysconfdir=/etc/ \
            --libdir=/usr/lib64/  \
            --mandir=/usr/share/man/ \
            --includedir=/usr/include/ \
            --with-fpm-user=apache \
            --with-fpm-group=apache \
            --enable-fpm \
            --with-pdo-mysql \
            --enable-mbstring \
            --with-gd=/usr/local/include \
            --with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib64 \
            --with-xpm-dir=/usr/lib64 \
            --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib64 \
            --with-png-dir=/usr/lib64

make
make install | tee install.log

重新编译安装后，你需要重新启动以下服务使配置生效，

systemctl restart php-fpm

5.2 编译安装LDAP

cd ~/php-5.5.9
./configure --bindir=/usr/sbin/ \
            --sbindir=/usr/sbin/ \
            --sysconfdir=/etc/ \
            --libdir=/usr/lib64/  \
            --mandir=/usr/share/man/ \
            --includedir=/usr/include/ \
            --with-fpm-user=apache \
            --with-fpm-group=apache \
            --enable-fpm \
            --with-pdo-mysql \
            --enable-mbstring \
            --with-gd=/usr/local/include \
            --with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib64 \
            --with-xpm-dir=/usr/lib64 \
            --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib64 \
            --with-png-dir=/usr/lib64 \
            --with-ldap=/usr

另外，你可能需要安装以下开发库，

yum install -y openldap-devel
ln -s /usr/lib64/libldap.so /usr/lib/

编译并安装，

make
make install | tee install.log

如果需要以下错误，

/usr/bin/ld: ext/ldap/.libs/ldap.o: undefined reference to symbol 'ber_scanf'
/usr/lib64/liblber-2.4.so.2: error adding symbols: DSO missing from command line
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [sapi/cli/php] Error 1

你需要修改Makefile文件，

vim Makefile

以下变量末尾加入如下参数，

EXTRA_LIBS = -llber

重新编译安装后，你需要重新启动以下服务使配置生效，

systemctl restart php-fpm

6 安装MariaDB

由于数据库的安装不是本章的重点，请参阅如下链接完成，
https://www.cmdschool.org/archives/2364