Python
1 基本算术运算
1.1 使用规则
– Python解析器相当于一个简单的计算器
– Python解析器可以接受简单的算术表达式
– 运算符可以使加(+)减(-)乘(*)除(/)
1.2 实操理解
# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> 2+2 4 >>> 59 - 5*6 29 >>> (50 - 5.0 * 6) /4 5.0 >>> 8/ 5.0 1.6 >>> quit()
2 相除与求余
2.1 使用规则
– 相除返回的数据类型取决于相除的两个数的数据类型
– 如果相除的两个数都是整数,则返回整型(int)
– 如果相除的两个数任意一个是浮点数(float),则返回浮点数
– 使用“//”云算符相除,相除数的小数点被负略,返回整数
– 使用“%”运算符求余
2.2 实操理解
# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> 17 /3 # int / int -> int 5 >>> 17 / 3.0 # int /float -> float 5.666666666666667 >>> 17 // 3.0 # explicit floor division discards the fractional part 5.0 >>> 17 % 3 # the % operator returns the remainder of the division 2 >>> 5 * 3 + 2 # result * divisor + remainder 17 >>> quit()
3 求次方
3.1 使用规则
– Python使用“**”运算符来进行求次方
3.2 实操理解
# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> 5 ** 2 # 5 squared 25 >>> 2 ** 7 # 2 to the power of 7 128 >>> quit()
4 使用带变量的运算表达式
4.1 使用规则
– “=”号运算符用于变量赋值
– 等号后的运算式直接存储计算的结果(不显示输出)
4.2 实操理解
# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> width = 20 >>> height = 5 * 9 >>> width * height 900 >>> quit()
5 未定义变量
5.1 使用规则
– 未赋值变量被视为未定义变量
– 使用未定义变量会报错
5.2 实操理解
# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> n # try to access an undefined variable Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in NameError: name 'n' is not defined >>> quit()
6 变量类型自动转换
6.1 使用规则
– 混合类型的算术运算整型会自动转换为浮点型
6.1 实操理解
# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> 3 * 3.75 / 1.5 7.5 >>> 7.0 / 2 3.5 >>>
7 调用最后一次运算表达式
7.1 使用规则
– 交互模式下
– 最后执行的表达式会存储到变量“_”中
7.2 实操理解
# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug 4 2017, 00:39:18) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> tax = 12.5 / 100 >>> price = 100.50 >>> price * tax 12.5625 >>> price + _ 113.0625 >>> round(_, 2) 113.06 >>>
参阅文档:
https://docs.python.org/2.7/tutorial/index.html
https://docs.python.org/2.7/
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