2 字符串的使用

2.1 使用规则

– Python申明字符串可使用单引号，例如(‘…’)
– Python申明字符串可使用双引号，例如(“…”)
– Python使用“\”作为转义字符
– 使用单引号如果使用单引号，需要使用转义字符，使用双引号可省略
– 使用双引号如果使用双引号，需要使用转义字符，使用单引号可省略

2.2 实操理解

# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 'spam eggs'
'spam eggs'
>>> "sapm eggs"
'sapm eggs'
>>> 'doesn\'t'
"doesn't"
>>> '"Yes," he said.'
'"Yes," he said.'
>>> "doesn't"
"doesn't"
>>> "\"yes,\" he said."
'"yes," he said.'
>>>

3 禁用字符串输出的转义

3.1 使用规则

– print函数可在第一个引号前加“r”来禁用转义

3.2 实操理解

# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print 'C:\some\name'
C:\some
ame
>>> print r'C:\some\name'
C:\some\name
>>>

4 多行输出和逻辑行

4.1 使用规则

– Python的多行输出可使用三重引号实现，如”””…”””或”’…”’
– Python的逻辑行也可使用“\”符号实现

4.2 实操理解

# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print """Hello,
... World!"""
Hello,
World!
>>> print "Hello, \
... World!"
Hello, World!
>>>

5 重复输出与字符串连接

5.1 使用规则

– Python使用“*”操作符加数字可实现字符串重复输出
– Python使用“+”操作符实现字符串的连接
– 相邻的量子字符串会自动连接

5.2 实操理解

# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> # 3 times 'un', followed by 'ium'
... 3 * 'un' + 'ium'
'unununium'
>>> 'un' * 3 + 'ium'
'unununium'
>>> 'Py' 'thon'
'Python'
>>> text = ('Put serveral strings within parentheses'
...         'to have then joined together.')
>>> text
'Put serveral strings within parenthesesto have then joined together.'

带变量的连接错误的示范：

# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> prefix = 'Py'
>>> prefix 'thon' # can't concatenate a variable and a string literal
  File "", line 1
    prefix 'thon' # can't concatenate a variable and a string literal
                ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> ('un'*3) 'ium'
  File "", line 1
    ('un'*3) 'ium'
                 ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>>

带变量的连接正确的示范：

# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> prefix = 'Py'
>>> prefix + 'thon'
'Python'

6 索引的使用

6.1 使用规则

– Python字符串实质是存储到字符串中
– Python字符串的字符可使用下标索引访问
– Python字符串的下标支持反向访问（负数表示）
– 负索引的“-0”等于“0”，所以索引是从“-1”开始

6.2 实操理解

# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> word = 'Python'
>>> word[0]
'P'
>>> word[1]
'y'
>>> word[2]
't'
>>> word[3]
'h'
>>> word[4]
'o'
>>> word[5]
'n'
>>> word[-1]
'n'
>>> word[-2]
'o'
>>> word[-3]
'h'
>>> word[-4]
't'
>>> word[-5]
'y'
>>> word[-6]
'P'
>>>

7 索引切片

7.1 Python的原文解析

– Python可以使用“:”操作符前后加索引数字指定索引的区间(i:i)，进行字符串的截取
– “:i”操作符右边带索引数字，左边为空，表示索引开始到索引i的区间
– “i:”操作符左边带索引数字示，左边为空，表示索引i的区间到索引末尾的区间
– 索引“i”的值可以为负值

7.2 实操理解

# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> word = "Python"
>>> word[0:2]
'Py'
>>> word[2:6]
'thon'
>>> word[:2]
'Py'
>>> word[2:]
'thon'
>>> word[:2] + word[2:]
'Python'
>>> word[:-2]
'Pyth'
>>> word[-2:]
'on'
>>> word[:-2] + word[-2:]
'Python'

8 索引视图

8.1 索引视图的模型

 +---+---+---+---+---+---+
 | P | y | t | h | o | n |
 +---+---+---+---+---+---+
 0   1   2   3   4   5   6
-6  -5  -4  -3  -2  -1

8.2 模型的规则

– 第一行使用数字0到6标记出索引的位置
– 第二行使用数字相应的负数标记出索引的位置
– 假设切片的起点为i与终点为j，那么i与j所代表的索引数字标识出的区间就是切片后的字符串
– 切片长度是i与j的差（非负索引，且i与j都在边界内）
– 使用超出范围的索引会导致报错
– 使用超出范围的切片索引会被自动纠正（优雅地自动纠正）

8.3 实操理解

# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> word = "Python"
>>> word[42]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
IndexError: string index out of range
>>> word[4:42]
'on'
>>> word[42:]
''

9 错误的字符串赋值与引用

9.1 使用规则

– Python字符串可以整串赋值
– Python字符串赋值后，每个索引代表的单独字符变量不能再次单独赋值
– Python被赋值的字符串可以用于创建新的字符串

9.2 实操理解

# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> word = "Python"
>>> word[0]
'P'
>>> word[0]='J'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
>>> word[:2]
'Py'
>>> word[:2] = 'py'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
>>> 'J' + word[1:]
'Jython'
>>>

10 内置函数的使用

10.1 使用规则

– 可使用内置函数“len()”返回字符串的长度

10.2 实操理解

# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> s='supercalifragilisticexpialidocious'
>>> len(s)
34
>>>

参阅文档：
==================================================
https://docs.python.org/2.7/tutorial/index.html
https://docs.python.org/2.7/