如何部署基于Nginx部署NextCloud？
- By : Will
- Category : Cloud storage
Cloud storage
1 前言
一个问题，一篇文章，一出故事。
以往使用LAMP环境部署的NextCloud已经工作良久，但是发现内存消耗非常巨大，想着切换到LNMP环境，于是整理本章。
2 最佳实践
2.1 环境部署
2.1.1 安装部署Nginx
2.1.2 安装部署PHP-FPM
2.1.3 安装部署MariaDB
2.1.4 准备安装包
cd ~ wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-27.1.3.tar.bz2
2.2 部署NextCloud
2.2.1 解压软件包
cd ~ tar -xf nextcloud-27.1.3.tar.bz2 mkdir -p /var/www mv nextcloud /var/www/nextcloud.cmdschool.org chown apache: -R /var/www/nextcloud.cmdschool.org/
2.2.2 修改Nginx配置
vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/nextcloud.conf
加入如下配置，
upstream php-handler {
server 127.0.0.1:9000;
#server unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
}
# Set the `immutable` cache control options only for assets with a cache busting `v` argument
map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
"" "";
default "immutable";
}
server {
listen 80;
#listen [::]:80;
server_name nextcloud.cmdschool.org;
# Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
server_tokens off;
# Enforce HTTPS
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
#listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name nextcloud.cmdschool.org;
# Path to the root of your installation
root /var/www/nextcloud.cmdschool.org;
# Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings
# https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/
ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/nextcloud.cmdschool.org/nextcloud.cmdschool.org_bundle.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nextcloud.cmdschool.org/nextcloud.cmdschool.org.key;
# Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
server_tokens off;
# HSTS settings
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
#add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;
# set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
client_max_body_size 512M;
client_body_timeout 300s;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
# Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_min_length 256;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
gzip_types application/atom+xml text/javascript application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
# Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built
# with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it.
#pagespeed off;
# The settings allows you to optimize the HTTP2 bandwitdth.
# See https://blog.cloudflare.com/delivering-http-2-upload-speed-improvements/
# for tunning hints
client_body_buffer_size 512k;
# HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
add_header X-Robots-Tag "noindex, nofollow" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
# Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
# Add .mjs as a file extension for javascript
# Either include it in the default mime.types list
# or include you can include that list explicitly and add the file extension
# only for Nextcloud like below:
include mime.types;
types {
text/javascript js mjs;
}
# Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/index.php$request_uri`
# here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour
# when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists
# on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file,
# that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to
# the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need
# to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets,
# `/updater`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus
# `try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri`
# always provides the desired behaviour.
index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;
# Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
location = / {
if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
}
}
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# Make a regex exception for `/.well-known` so that clients can still
# access it despite the existence of the regex rule
# `location ~ /(\.|autotest|...)` which would otherwise handle requests
# for `/.well-known`.
location ^~ /.well-known {
# The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
# in `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.
location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
location = /.well-known/caldav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
location /.well-known/acme-challenge { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
location /.well-known/pki-validation { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
# Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
# requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
return 301 /index.php$request_uri;
}
# Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/) { return 404; }
location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) { return 404; }
# Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks
# which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first,
# then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends `/index.php`
# to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response.
location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
# Required for legacy support
rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|phpinfo|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|ocs-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; # Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true; # Enable pretty urls
fastcgi_pass php-handler;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
}
# Serve static files
location ~ \.(?:css|js|mjs|svg|gif|png|jpg|ico|wasm|tflite|map)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463, $asset_immutable";
access_log off; # Optional: Don't log access to assets
location ~ \.wasm$ {
default_type application/wasm;
}
}
location ~ \.woff2?$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
expires 7d; # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
access_log off; # Optional: Don't log access to assets
}
# Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
location /remote {
return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
}
}
然后，使用如下命令重载服务是配置生效，
systemctl reload nginx.service
2.2.3 部署SSL证书
cd ~ unzip nextcloud.cmdschool.org_nginx.zip mv nextcloud.cmdschool.org_nginx /etc/ssl/nextcloud.cmdschool.org
证书请自行准备，建议你通过以下链接申请（使用nginx证书即可）
https://cloud.tencent.com/product/ssl
2.2.4 测试并安装模块
https://nextcloud.cmdschool.org/
根据以上提示，我们使用如下命令编译安装zip模块，
cd ~/php-8.2.11/ext/zip phpize ./configure make make install
如果有以下错误提示，
configure: error: Package requirements (libzip >= 0.11 libzip != 1.3.1 libzip != 1.7.0) were not met: Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found
你需要使用如下命令解决依赖关系，
yum install -y https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/9/devel/x86_64/os/Packages/l/libzip-devel-1.7.3-7.el9.x86_64.rpm
根据以上提示，我们使用如下命令编译安装gd模块，
cd ~/php-8.2.11/ext/gd phpize ./configure \ --enable-shared \ --disable-static \ --enable-gd \ --with-external-gd \ --with-webp \ --with-jpeg \ --with-xpm \ --with-freetype \ --with-gnu-ld make make install
如果有以下错误提示，
configure: error: Package requirements (libpng) were not met: Package 'libpng', required by 'virtual:world', not found
你需要使用如下命令解决依赖关系，
yum install -y libpng-devel
如果有以下错误提示，
configure: error: Package requirements (gdlib >= 2.1.0) were not met: Package 'gdlib', required by 'virtual:world', not found
你需要使用如下命令解决依赖关系，
yum install -y gd-devel
根据以上提示，我们使用如下命令编译安装zlib模块，
cd ~/php-8.2.11/ext/zlib cp config0.m4 config.m4 phpize ./configure make make install
根据以上提示，我们使用如下命令编译安装curl模块，
cd ~/php-8.2.11/ext/curl phpize ./configure make make install
如果有以下错误提示，
configure: error: Package requirements (libcurl >= 7.29.0) were not met: Package 'libcurl', required by 'virtual:world', not fou
你需要使用如下命令解决依赖关系，
yum install -y libcurl-devel
如果有以下错误提示，
configure: error: Package requirements (openssl) were not met: Package 'openssl', required by 'virtual:world', not found
你需要使用如下命令解决依赖关系，
yum install -y openssl-devel
根据以上提示，我们使用如下命令编译安装openssl模块，
cd ~/php-8.2.11/ext/openssl cp config0.m4 config.m4 phpize ./configure make make install
以上模块编译成功后，你需要使用如下命令修改PHP配置，
cat >> /etc/php.ini << EOF extension=zip.so extension=gd.so extension=zlib.so extension=curl.so extension=openssl.so EOF
然后，使用如下命令重载服务是配置生效，
systemctl reload php-fpm.service
2.3 配置NextCloud
2.3.1 创建数据库
mysql -uroot -p
输入如下配置：
create database if not exists nextcloud; grant all privileges on nextcloud.* TO 'nextcloud'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'nextcloudpwd'; flush privileges;
2.3.2 准备数据目录
mkdir -p /data/nextcloud chown apache: /data/nextcloud/
2.3.1 配置连接
通过访问连接可发现所有模块安装好后即可进行数据库连接等操作，详细请参考下图，
需要注意的是，
– 如果无法连接请将“localhost”改为“127.0.0.1”
– 界面操作不再详述，请自行摸索
参阅文档
===================
支持文档
——————-
https://nextcloud.com/support/
Nginx
——————-
https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/installation/nginx.html
安装包下载地址
—————–
https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/
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