1 前言

笔者针对普通文件准备一个七天循环的备份，计划周一至周六每天循环备份，然后每个周日的数据作为周备上磁带。

2 最佳实践

2.1 创建备份的存储

2.1.1 存储方法介绍

– 此案例使用廉价的NFS和Samba作为后端的存储
– 存储统一使用autofs自动挂载（基于稳定性考量）
– 方案将准备日备份目录“/databackup/dailyBackup”
– 方案将准备周备份目录“/databackup/weeklyBackup”

2.1.2 NFS自动挂载的配置

如果你尚未配置，请参阅以下链接配置，
https://www.cmdschool.org/archives/8449

2.1.3 Samba自动挂载的配置

如果你尚未配置，请参阅以下链接配置，
https://www.cmdschool.org/archives/8434

2.2 创建备份的计划任务

2.2.1 创建备份脚本存放目录

mkdir ~/scripts/

2.2.2 创建备份脚本

vim ~/scripts/databackup.sh

加入如下内容

#!/bin/bash

bakDIR=/data
dailyBakDIR='/databackup/dailyBackup'
weeklyBakDIR='/databackup/weeklyBackup'
excludeDIR='/data/lost+found'
logFile='/var/log/backup.log'
dailyBakKeeptime='+7'
weeklyBakKeeptime='+30'

Today="`date +%a`"
dailyBackup="dailyBackup-`date +%Y%m%d`.tar.gz"
weeklyBackup="weeklyBackup-`date +%Y%m%d`.tar.gz"

#########begin###############
case $Today in
Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat)
     echo "`date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%s'` dailyBackup start" | tee -a $logFile
     for ((i=1;i<10;i++))
     do
         if [ $i -ge 5 ]; then
             echo "`date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%s'` dailyBackupStorage is unavailable!" | tee -a $logFile
             exit 1
         fi
         cd $dailyBakDIR
         if [ $? = 0 ]; then
              break
         fi
         sleep 2
     done

     #find $dailyBakDIR -mtime $dailyBakKeeptime -type f -name dailyBackup-\*.gz -exec ls -l {} \;
     find $dailyBakDIR -mtime $dailyBakKeeptime -type f -name dailyBackup-\*.gz -exec rm -f {} \;
     tar --exclude $excludeDIR -zcf $dailyBakDIR"/"$dailyBackup $bakDIR &> /dev/null
     if [ $? = 0 ]; then
         echo "`date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%s'` dailyBackup finished" | tee -a $logFile
         exit 0
     fi
;;
Sun)
     echo "`date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%s'` weeklyBackup start" | tee -a $logFile
     for ((i=1;i<10;i++))
     do
         if [ $i -ge 5 ]; then
             echo "`date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%s'` dailyBackupStorage is unavailable!" | tee -a $logFile
             exit 1
         fi
         cd $weeklyBakDIR
         if [ $? = 0 ]; then
              break
         fi
         sleep 2
     done

     #find $weeklyBakDIR -mtime $weeklyBakKeeptime -type f -name weeklyBackup-\*.gz -exec ls -l {} \;
     find $weeklyBakDIR -mtime $weeklyBakKeeptime -type f -name weeklyBackup-\*.gz -exec rm -f {} \;
     tar --exclude $excludeDIR -zcf $weeklyBakDIR"/"$weeklyBackup $bakDIR &> /dev/null
     if [ $? = 0 ]; then
         echo "`date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%s'` weeklyBackup finished" | tee -a $logFile
         exit 0
     fi
;;
esac
########end######################

注：
– 变量“bakDIR”定义备份的目录为“/data”
– 变量“dailyBakDIR”定义日备的目录为“/databackup/dailyBackup”
– 变量“weeklyBakDIR”定义周备的目录为“/databackup/weeklyBackup”
– 变量“excludeDIR”定义备份排除的目录为“/data/lost+found”
– 变量“logFile”定义备份的日志文件路径为“/var/log/databackup.log”
– 变量“dailyBakKeeptime”定义日备份的保留时间为“+7”，即7天以外的备份数据删除
– 变量“weeklyBakKeeptime”定义周备份的保留时间为“+30”，即30天以外的备份数据删除

2.2.3 创建备份计划任务

crontab -e

加入如下内容

#############################data backup###############################
0 3 * * * sh /root/scripts/databackup.sh