1. 部署基础环境

学习本章，请先按照如下教程部署Docker环境，
https://www.cmdschool.org/archives/2183

2 使用Docker

In docker-m

2.1 创建Docker程序目录

mkdir -p /data/docker
chown docker:docker /data/docker/
su - docker
mkdir -p /data/docker/app-python

2.2 定义容器一个容器

su - docker
vim /data/docker/app-python/Dockerfile

加入如下内容：

# Use an official Python runtime as a parent image
FROM python:2.7-slim

# Set the working directory to /app
WORKDIR /app

# Copy the current directory contents into the container at /app
ADD . /app

# Install any needed packages specified in requirements.txt
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt

# Make port 80 available to the world outside this container
EXPOSE 80

# Define environment variable
ENV NAME World

# Run app.py when the container launches
CMD ["python", "app.py"]

2.3 创建应用程序

2.3.1 创建requirements.txt

sudo vim /data/docker/app-python/requirements.txt

加入如下内容：

Flask
Redis

2.3.2 创建app.py

sudo vim /data/docker/app-python/app.py

加入如下内容：

from flask import Flask
from redis import Redis, RedisError
import os
import socket

# Connect to Redis
redis = Redis(host="redis", db=0, socket_connect_timeout=2, socket_timeout=2)

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
try:
visits = redis.incr("counter")
except RedisError:
visits = "<i>cannot connect to Redis, counter disabled</i>"

html = "<h3>Hello {name}!</h3>" \
"<b>Hostname:</b> {hostname}<br/>" \
"<b>Visits:</b> {visits}"
return html.format(name=os.getenv("NAME", "world"), hostname=socket.gethostname(), visits=visits)

if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=80)

2.4 构建应用程序

2.4.1 进入应用程序目录

cd /data/docker/app-python/
ls -l

显示如下：

app.py  Dockerfile  requirements.txt

2.4.2 运行build创建Docker镜像

docker build -t friendlyhello .

注：参数t指定该程序的库名称

2.4.3 浏览构建的镜像

docker image ls

信息显示如下：

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
friendlyhello       latest              826c3b33ef7b        3 minutes ago       151MB
python              2.7-slim            46ba956c5967        3 weeks ago         140MB
hello-world         latest              e38bc07ac18e        6 weeks ago         1.85kB

2.4.4 运行应用程序

docker run -p 4000:80 friendlyhello

注：以上使用docker的proxy将4000端口映射到程序的80端口

2.4.5 测试应用程序

curl http://127.0.0.1:4000

信息显示如下：

<h3>Hello World!</h3><b>Hostname:</b> d9fd94aecd2e<br/><b>Visits:</b> <i>cannot connect to Redis, counter disabled</i>

注：由于容器中没有安装Redis服务，所以有错误提示，属于正常现象。

2.5 常见故障解决

In docker-m

2.5.1 配置代理环境

如果是代理环境，请在容器声明文件中使用如下定义，

sudo vim /data/docker/app-python/Dockerfile

加入如下定义，

# Set proxy server, replace host:port with values for your servers
ENV http_proxy host:port
ENV https_proxy host:port

2.5.2 自定义Docker的DNS

sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

定义如下信息：

{
  "dns": ["your_dns_address", "8.8.8.8"]
}

注：参数一填写本地DNS地址，参数二使用谷歌DNS地址
重启Docker服务使配置生效：

sudo service docker restart

2.6 其他常用命令

docker build -t friendlyhello .  # Create image using this directory's Dockerfile
docker run -p 4000:80 friendlyhello  # Run "friendlyname" mapping port 4000 to 80
docker run -d -p 4000:80 friendlyhello         # Same thing, but in detached mode
docker container ls                                # List all running containers
docker container ls -a             # List all containers, even those not running
docker container stop            # Gracefully stop the specified container
docker container kill          # Force shutdown of the specified container
docker container rm         # Remove specified container from this machine
docker container rm $(docker container ls -a -q)         # Remove all containers
docker image ls -a                             # List all images on this machine
docker image rm             # Remove specified image from this machine
docker image rm $(docker image ls -a -q)   # Remove all images from this machine
docker login             # Log in this CLI session using your Docker credentials
docker tag  username/repository:tag  # Tag  for upload to registry
docker push username/repository:tag            # Upload tagged image to registry
docker run username/repository:tag                   # Run image from a registry

2.7 分享Docker

2.7.1 注册Docker

http://cloud.docker.com
注：请在以上链接注册一个docker账号

以上范例，
创建账号“userxxx”
创建代码仓库“app-python”

2.7.2 登录Docker

In docker-m

su - docker
docker login

向导如下：

Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: userxxx
Password:
Login Succeeded

2.7.3 标记镜像

In docker-m
使用格式如下：

docker tag image username/repository:tag

根据之前的镜像，我们应该这样操作，

su - docker
docker tag friendlyhello userxxx/app-python:part1

查看新的标记，

docker image ls

信息显示如下：

REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
friendlyhello            latest              826c3b33ef7b        3 hours ago         151MB
userxxx/app-python   part1               826c3b33ef7b        3 hours ago         151MB
python                   2.7-slim            46ba956c5967        3 weeks ago         140MB
hello-world              latest              e38bc07ac18e        6 weeks ago         1.85kB

2.7.4 发布镜像

In docker-m

su - docker
docker push userxxx/app-python:part1

参阅文档：
=============================

基本概念：
—————————–
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/#test-docker-version

安装Docker：
—————————–
https://docs.docker.com/install/

官方源地址：
—————————–
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/

官方Hub地址：
—————————–
https://hub.docker.com

如何分享你的镜像：
—————————–
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/part2/#share-your-image